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BCM NEXT STEPS--CAMPUS MINISTRY RESOURCE
REACHING BLACK STUDENTS IN A MULTI-ETHNIC CONTEXT
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF REACHING BLACK STUDENTS IN A
MULTI-ETHNIC CONTEXT
Why is reaching Black students in a multi-ethnic (ME) context crucial?
How would the kingdom be advanced?
EXPANDING OUR OVERALL OUTREACH
On the overwhelming majority of campuses, the multi-ethnic chapter is the only InterVarsity
Chapter on campus. Therefore equipping these fellowships to engage the Black community is
essential to InterVarsity's overall ability to reach Black students.
CAMPUS WITNESS
We are Christ's ambassadors with a message of reconciliation (2 Cor 5). Our ability to be
reconciled to each other is crucial to effectively communicating the message of reconciliation
with God. Though reconciliation can occur in many forms, the ability to live in weekly fellowship
together across ethnic lines can be a powerful testimony to the gospel.
STUDENT DISCIPLESHIP
"As iron sharpens iron, so one man sharpens another" (Prov. 27:17). As students in our fellowships
interact with Christians from different backgrounds and faith experiences, everyone's faith wil
be matured. Through this "sharpening" process, God will expose "cultural blind spots" and
expand students' understanding of following Christ.
ADVANCEMENT OF THE BROADER CHURCH
Our students will become future leaders in a world where diversity will be an ever-increasing
reality. Raising up Christian leaders with skil s in developing diverse Christian communities wil be
critical for the long-term effectiveness of the church in the world.
CATALYST FOR MULTI-ETHNIC MINISTRY
At many colleges and universities, the divide between Black and White is the greatest racial
challenge on campus. As students develop tools to cross this divide
, those skills will be valuable
in establishing relationships across other ethnic lines.
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BCM NEXT STEPS--CAMPUS MINISTRY RESOURCE
REACHING BLACK STUDENTS IN A MULTI-ETHNIC CONTEXT
MINISTRY DIAGNOSTIC: KEY OBSTACLES
There are a number of obstacles to Black student ministry in a multi-ethnic context. What are
some of the key obstacles for your fellowship? Which are ones that you have potential influence
over, and that you can prayerfully work towards changing?
Take some time with your staff or leadership team to discuss the obstacles listed below. Check
the 3 issues you believe are the largest obstacles to reaching Black students in your fellowship.
(Obviously to do this well, you will need to have had previous interactions and discussions with
Black students on campus--for some that might be your first next step.)
SKILL DEFICITS
The styles and modes of ministry often differ significantly across racial lines. The tools
that many staff and students have developed for ministry (e.g. sermons/talks, worship,
prayer, leadership style, etc.) may be less effective with many Black students.
LOW MOTIVATION
Many students come from Church contexts where cross-racial ministry and fellowship is
not a high value. Issues of racial reconciliation and multi-ethnicity may not be
perceived as relevant to the gospel, and therefore not a priority for the students.
FELLOWSHIP & COMMUNITY
For many of our fellowships, one of the most compelling aspects for students is
community. Unfortunately, as fallen human being we have difficulty "loving our
neighbors as ourselves" and loving across differences. Frequently Black students do
not have as positive a community experience in the fellowship as those in the majority.
Further, the fellowship's relationship-building activities often conflict with relationship-
building activities happening within the Black community on campus. Black students
often feel that they have to choose between the two communities
ASSIMILATION CONCERNS
Many Black students perceive (correctly or incorrectly) that involvement in the multi-
ethnic fellowship requires the adoption of majority culture. Assimilation dynamics are
often a stumbling block to effectively reaching the Black community. Further, given
the historical context of Black/White relations, there are negative associations for being
a part of a "White organization." There is often an associated sense that they lack
agency or power in the organization.
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REACHING BLACK STUDENTS IN A MULTI-ETHNIC CONTEXT
KEY OBSTACLES CNT'D
RELEVANCE FACTOR
Though there are similarities between the issues that students deal with, some of the
primary struggles, needs, temptations, and sins that students face differ across racial
and cultural lines. The topics and discipleship areas that the multi-ethnic fellowship
emphasizes may not address some of the key discipleship needs for many Black
students.
LEADERSHIP FATIGUE
Many Multi-ethnic fel owships have a challenging time creating positive leadership
experiences for Black students. The fellowship may have low retention rates for Black
leaders, with Black students choosing not to continue after their first year of leadership.
Also, if there are only a couple Black students in leadership, there is often a need for
them to "represent" the Black community. This experience is fatiguing, and
exacerbates the leadership retention issues. Finally, since models of leadership and
ministry differ across racial lines, the leadership gifts and styles that many Black students
bring may be undervalued or rejected by the Staff or students.
OTHER: ____________________
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REACHING BLACK STUDENTS IN A MULTI-ETHNIC CONTEXT
MINISTRY DIAGNOSTIC: FELLOWSHIP ASSESSMENT
What are the core weaknesses for your
fellowship in outreach to Black students?
The principles for effective outreach to Black
students can be assessed in the context of the
overall chapter building framework. Greater
effectiveness will involve integrating this value
into your overall chapter building efforts.
In which areas is the integration of this value
strongest, and in which is it weakest? Where
might be the most strategic areas to focus?
Take some time with your staff or leadership team to review the categories below, check the 2
areas you believe are strongest, and 2 that are weakest. Remember that the blue bottom 3
triangles are the "behind the scenes work" that lay the foundation for the rest of the pyramid.
You may make short-term gains without those 3, but they will be critical for longer-term and
larger scale advances.
VISION
Does your fellowship's vision meaningfully involve outreach to ethnic minority students?
Does the student leadership understand why effectiveness in this area is critical to
attaining the fellowship's goals?
PRAYER
Is this an issue that your fellowship prays about explicitly? To what extent is this issue a
concern in the fellowship overall?
LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT
Are there leaders in your fellowship who are being equipped for effective outreach to
Black students? Are they aware of the obstacles that need to be overcome?
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REACHING BLACK STUDENTS IN A MULTI-ETHNIC CONTEXT
FELLOWSHIP ASSESSMENT CNT'D
QUALITY LARGE GROUPS
Are your large groups conducive to reaching to the Black community? Are these
students taken into account as the speakers, format, atmosphere and objectives for
your large groups are decided upon?
MISSIONAL SMALL GROUPS
Is there a ministry or small group(s) in your fellowship that sees effective outreach to
Black students as a critical component of their mission?
NEW STUDENT OUTREACH
Is your New Student Outreach attractive to Black students? Are there intentional
efforts made to do things that would draw Black students? Does the majority of the
Black community know that you are out there?
EVANGELISTIC EVENTS
Do your evangelistic events engage issues of interest to the Black community? Is the
Black community aware of your evangelistic events?
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REACHING BLACK STUDENTS IN A MULTI-ETHNIC CONTEXT
NEXT STEPS I: LOCATING PEOPLE RESOURCES
As you begin to diagnose your situation, you probably wil need to find people who can assist
you. These might be people who can advise or counsel you--even if they cannot do it regularly,
they might be wil ing to sit down with you once or twice to provide insight and suggestions.
There might also be people who can speak at Large Groups or retreats, train staff or student
leaders, invest in your Black students, etc.
Look at the ministry obstacles and challenges that you listed, along with the priority needs you
determined in your fellowship assessment. Who might be good resource people? Here are
some questions that may help you find them; go through each of these questions with your Staff
or leadership team. You may need to find other students or local community members to help
you answer some of these questions.
1--Are there any predominately Black churches that students on your campus attend? Are
there people in these churches that could be potential resource people? Ask students who
attend.
2--Are there any Black Christian faculty or staff on your campus? 3--Are there Staff in your region (Black and Non-Black) who have had some success in reaching
Black students? "Who can help you identify staff outside of your region that would be willing to
provide guidance?"
4--Are there people on your campus who may not be Christian, but have some
training/knowledge regarding issues of diversity? Take an opportunity to connect with them
and see what applicable insights they have.
5--Are there people organizing events that you could take your students to which could help
them grow in ministry to Black students?
6--Have you asked other staff in the area/region about resources they could suggest? Are there
local community members or students who can help you with these questions?
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REACHING BLACK STUDENTS IN A MULTI-ETHNIC CONTEXT
NEXT STEPS II: STRATEGIC TIPS
As you discern strategies to move forward in this area, your best resources will probably be
people resources and material resources. Additional y, we have included some strategic tips
that have been effective in different InterVarsity fellowships. Many of these tips are relevant to
students in general and not solely to Black students. Go through this list with your staff or
leadership team, and determine some strategic next steps that you can take.
CAST YOUR VISION WITH A BIBLICAL BASIS
Some of your students may associate your efforts with political correctness, or perceive them as
being driven by societal pressure rather than the Gospel. Seek out resources to equip you to
articulate the Biblical basis for multi-ethnic ministry.
CAST YOUR VISION WITH A POSITIVE BASIS
Beware of setting a tone for discussions of race that are negatively driven, where engaging race
is seen as a painful duty. The terminology of "racial reconciliation" by itself is not sufficiently
motivating--rather it's the difficult means to a positive end. Be able to articulate a compelling
positive vision of Multi-ethnicity--how would the kingdom of God be advanced if we were able
to accomplish this? Positive vision and positive experiences will help enable students to push
through the necessary difficult times. Most of the strategies given below depend on having
established a biblical and positive vision for doing so.
ESTABLISH RELATIONSHIPS WITH THE BLACK COMMUNITY
A key aspect of our outreach is through interpersonal relationships. Assess whether students are
actually in relationships with Black students on campus. Encourage students to involve
themselves in contexts where there can develop and deepen these relationships (e.g. Gospel
Choirs, certain service organizations, dorms and living arrangements, etc.)
ESTABLISH RELEVANCE TO THE BLACK COMMUNITY
Is your fellowship relevant to the Black community? As students develop cross-racial friendships,
and as Black students become more involved in the fellowship, you can gain a clearer sense of
the issues that the Black community on your campus is concerned about. Take opportunities to
engage in and cooperate with the campus and world issues that they are invested in.
CREATE ETHNIC-SPECIFIC GATHERINGS WITHIN YOUR MINISTRY
It is often helpful to establish ethnic-specific contexts within your ministry (that meet on either a
weekly or an occasional basis). These contexts create opportunities for minority students to lead
in non-majority contexts. This allows some Black students to exercise their gifts more effectively,
and can create a more positive experience in your fellowship for both Black student leaders and
members. This also involves creating a fellowship culture that affirms such gatherings rather than
denigrating them.
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REACHING BLACK STUDENTS IN A MULTI-ETHNIC CONTEXT
STRA
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INCORPORATE TRADITIONALLY BLACK MINISTRY STYLES INTO YOUR FELLOWSHIP
Encourage your worship team to expand their repertoire of songs, and their understanding of
the proper instrumentation and vocalization of them. Create spaces of "open testimony times".
Invite speakers from Black denominational backgrounds. Examine the various aspects of your
ministry, and explore ways to diversify the models of leadership and faith expression.
EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING
People learn better if they have tangible experiences to complement what they are learning.
Create opportunities for people to enter into majority Black settings (Bring your leadership team
to a Black church, do an urban project, etc.)
HOLD YOUR STRUCTURES LOOSELY
Reshaping your fellowship to make it more accessible and effective with Black students often
adds a layer of complexity. Be willing to be flexible with you ministry structures where
appropriate. For example, allow for the possibility that not al leaders are making the same
commitments, leading the same scriptures, participating in the same training, etc.
SEARCH FOR "WIN-WIN'S"
Don't try to bring everyone together just for the sake of doing so. For example, if you do not
have the resources and skills sets for diverse worship and teaching at Large Group, maybe that is
not the best place to try to bring people together cross-racially. What type of gatherings/events
can you organize that would be win-win's, where both the majority and minority students wil feel
blessed? Alternatives might be prayer meetings, outreach/evangelism teams, Spring Break
service projects, food nights, well-executed fellowship retreats, etc.
INVITE LOCALLY RESPECTED LEADERSHIP
Inviting a Black speaker to a Large Group or retreat for the sake or reaching Black students may
have limited effect. If the Black students on campus don't know him/her, they probably won't
show up. Invite people who are known and respected by the Black community, e.g. key local
pastors, professors, Black Christian students on campus with preaching gifts, etc.
REVERSE INTEGRATION
When trying to bring together majority and minority students, it wil typically be challenging to try
to bring the minority student into the majority students' general meeting--you generally have far
less trust and influence with them. Instead try gathering a critical mass of the majority student to
come into the minority students' meeting.
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REACHING BLACK STUDENTS IN A MULTI-ETHNIC CONTEXT
NEXT STEPS III: SCRIPTURAL RESOURCES
It is critical in our leadership in multi-ethnicity that we are able to cast a vision for it from a Biblical
basis. Here are some passages that Staff have used to help their students gain ownership and
insight for multi-ethnic ministry. We've also included a brief listing of some of the main points
derived from each passage.
MATTHEW 28:16-20, ACTS 1:6-8--THE GREAT COMMISSION
We are called to make disciples of all nations, and to be his witnesses "in Jerusalem, and in all
Judea and Samaria, and to the ends of the earth." This great commission is what inspires us
toward crossing ethnic and cultural lines.
MARK 11:15-18--CLEARING OF THE TEMPLE
God desires His temple to be a "house of prayer for all nations." However, the temple is set up
with a separate Gentile court, and it is structured in such a way that inhibits the Gentiles'
participation (money changers, dove sellers, etc.) This passage can provide a context to discuss
God's positive vision, and barriers in the structure of the fellowship that inhibit minority ethnicities
from full participation and worship.
ACTS 6:1-7--GRECIAN AND HEBRAIC JEWS
This is a bi-cultural church trying to resolve injustice issues within it. The church took radical steps
to address the concerns of the minority (Grecian Jews)--all seven "deacons" assigned to the
issue were Greek. Note also that as they resolved their intercultural issues the gospel spread.
ACTS 8:26-40, ACTS 10--PHILIP & THE ETHIOPIAN EUNUCH, PETER & CORNELIUS
Both passages are examples of God calling the church to cross ethnic lines for the sake of the
gospel. Some similarities between the two: Phillip and Peter were both praying when God
spoke to them, the Holy Spirit is involved, they take risks and put themselves in uncomfortable
situations, and they respond to what God is already doing.
1 CORINTHIANS 12--ONE BODY, MANY PARTS
God has brought into his kingdom a diversity of people (Jew-Gentile, Slave-Free, etc.) with a
diversity of gifts. "The eye cannot say to the hand, I do not need you." We need the diverse
people of God to be working in partnership and unity in order to function effectively as the body
of Christ and accomplish his purposes.
GAL 2:6-10, GAL 3:26-28--UNITY IN DIVERSITY
Galatians affirms that the gospel transcends human distinctions; "We are neither Greek nor
Jew...." It also affirms the calling Peter and Paul have (Gal 2) to focused ministry to Jews and
Greeks, respectively. These passages can be helpful for highlighting the need for ethnic-specific
ministries as components of a fellowship with a multi-ethnic vision.
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REACHING BLACK STUDENTS IN A MULTI-ETHNIC CONTEXT
NEXT STEPS IV: MATERIAL RESOURCES
Often there are material resources (books, bible study guides, training exercises, etc.) that can
be helpful. As you are determining the "next steps" in advancing your ministry, here are a few
material resources to keep in mind:
PUBLISHED READING MATERIALS:
Anderson, David A, "Gracism--The Art of Inclusion." IVP-Based Summary: Pastor David Anderson
responds to prejudice and injustice with the principle of gracism: radical inclusion for the
marginalized and excluded. Building on the apostle Paul's exhortations in 1 Corinthians 12 to
honor the weaker member, Anderson presents a biblical model for showing special grace to
others on the basis of ethnicity, class or other social distinction. He offers seven sayings of the
gracist with practical examples for building bridges and including others. A Christian alternative
to secular models of affirmative action or colorblindness, gracism is an opportunity to extend
God's grace to people of all backgrounds.
Ellis, Carl, "Free At Last." This book is an abbreviated history of the work of Christ and Church
through the African-American community. It traces the growth of Black consciousness from the
days of slavery to the present, noting especially the contributions of King and Malcolm X. And it
provides some contextual tools in understanding the divides between Black and White in the
church.
Emerson, Michael O, and Smith, Christian, "Divided by Faith: Evangelical Religion and the
Problem of Race in America." Amazon-Based Summary: Emerson and Smith, who conducted
2,000 telephone surveys and 200 face-to-face interviews in preparing this book, argue that
evangelicals have a theological world view that makes it difficult for them to perceive
systematic injustices in society. Therefore, many well-meaning strategies for healing racial
divisions (such as cross-cultural friendships) carry within them the seeds of their own defeat.
Divided by Faith also includes a brilliant, concise history of evangelical thought about race from
colonial times to the civil rights movement. Clearly written and impeccably researched, this
book ranks among the most compassionate and critical studies of contemporary
evangelicalism.
Emerson, Micheal O, et. al., "United by Faith: The Multiracial Congregation As an Answer to the
Problem of Race." Amazon-Based Summary: Drawing on questionnaires, interviews with church
members and leaders, and on-site studies of four racially mixed congregations, the authors
probe both the promise and pitfalls of church integration.
Hays, J. Daniel, "From Every People and Nation: A Biblical Theology of Race." IVP-Based
Summary: The theme of race runs throughout Scripture, constantly pointing to the global and
multiethnic dimensions inherent in the overarching plan of God. In response to the neglect of this
theme in much evangelical biblical scholarship, J. Daniel Hays offers a thorough exegetical
study. As well as focusing on texts which have a general bearing on race, Hays demonstrates
that black Africans from Cush (Ethiopia) play an important role in both Old and New Testament
history.
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MATERIAL RESOURCES CNT'D
Lane, Patty. "A Beginners Guide To Crossing Cultures." IVP-Based Summary: How do you
befriend an international student or a new coworker from a different country? What can you
expect when your church building is shared with a congregation from another cultural group?
Why are your words and actions sometimes misinterpreted by others? This book helps readers to
develop hands-on relational skills that build cross-cultural friendships, and provides practical
resources to help you navigate multicultural environments with sensitivity and savvy.
Rice, Chris and Perkins, Spencer, "More Than Equals: Racial Healing for the Sake of the Gospel."
IVP Based Summary: When Spencer Perkins was sixteen years old, he visited his bloodied and
swollen father (pastor John Perkins) in jail, a black activitst beaten by police. Chris Rice grew up
in very different circumstances, as a White American attending an elite Eastern college and
looking forward to a career in law and government. Spencer and Chris became not only
friends, but yokefellows--partners for more than a decade in the difficult ministry of racial
reconciliation. From their own hard-won experience, they show that there is hope for our
frightening race problem, that whites and African-Americans can live together in peace.
Salter-McNeil, Brenda and Richardson, Rick, "The Heart of Racial Justice: How Soul Change
Leads to Social Change." IVP-Based Summary: Racial and ethnic hostility is one of the most
pervasive problems the church faces. It hinders our effectiveness as one body of believers. It
damages our ability to witness to and serve seekers. Why won't this problem just go away?
Because it is a spiritual battle. What should our response be in a world torn apart by prejudice,
hatred and fear? We must employ spiritual weapons--prayer, repentance, forgiveness. In this
book Brenda Salter McNeil and Rick Richardson reveal a new model of racial reconciliation,
social justice and spiritual healing that creates both individual and community transformation.
Usry, Glenn and Keener, Craig, "Black Man's Religion: Can Christianity Be Afrocentric?" IVP-
Based Summary: Some say Christianity is white man's religion, and it is true that there is a long
and ugly history of abuse of African-Americans at the hands of Anglo Christians. But Craig
Keener and Glen Usry contend that Christianity can be Afrocentric. Black Man's Religion is one
of the first of its kind, a pro-Christian reading of religion and history from a black perspective.
Fascinating and compelling, it is must reading for all concerned for African-American culture
and issues of faith.
Usry, Glenn and Keener, Craig, "Defending Black Faith: Answers to Touch Questions about
African-American Christianity." IVP-Based Summary: This book addresses nitty-gritty questions
put to the black church by non-Christians. For example, What Do You Say When Someone
Claims That Christianity Is a White Religion? What Do You Say When a Muslim Says Christians
Were Proslavery? What Do You Say When Others Complain That Christians Did Not Oppose the
Slave Trade? What about criticisms of Christianity made by the Nation of Islam? Keener and
Usry meet these and other important questions head-on, providing responses relevant to and
especially for black men and women.
Woodley, Randy, "Living In Color: Embracing God's Passion for Ethnic Diversity." IVP-Based
Summary: Randy Woodley, a Keetowah Cherokee, casts a biblical, multiethnic vision for people
of every nation, tribe and tongue. He carefully unpacks how Christians should think about racial
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MATERIAL RESOURCES CNT'D
and cultural identity, demonstrating that ethnical y diverse communities have always been
God's intent for his people. Woodley gives practical insights for how we can relate to one
another with sensitivity, contextualize the gospel, combat the subtleties of racism, and honor
one another's unique contributions to church and society. Along the way, he reckons with
difficult chal enges from our racially painful history and offers hope for healing and restoration.
Yancey, George, "Beyond Racial Gridlock: Embracing Mutual Responsibility." IVP-Based
Summary: The first part of the book analyzes four secular models regarding race used by
Christians and shows how each has its own advantages and limitations. Part two offers a new
"mutual responsibility" model, which acknowledges that both majority and minority cultures have
their own challenges, tendencies, and sins to repent of, and that people of different races
approach racial reconciliation and justice in differing but complementary ways.
Yancey, George, "One Body, One Spirit: Principles of Successful Multi-Ethnic Churches." IVP-
Based Summary: Sociologist George Yancey's groundbreaking research on multiracial churches
offers key principles for those who want to minister to people from a variety of racial and cultural
backgrounds. Insights from real-life congregations provide concrete examples of how ministries
can welcome those who have been marginalized. Based on data from a landmark Lilly
Endowment study of multiracial churches across America, this volume offers insights and
implications for church leadership, worship styles, conflict resolution and much more.
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MATERIAL RESOURCES CNT'D
OTHER MINISTRY RESOURCES:
"A Multiethnic Ministry Framework," IV Staff Paul Sorrentino. This is a reflection on factors that
have been helpful and not helpful in developing a multiethnic fellowship at Amherst College.
(Located on InterVarsity MX)
BCM New England Training Resources--Some Tools developed by BCM Staff Dr. Alice Brown
Collins. Example content includes: A Campus analysis tool, Understanding Core issue for Black
Students, Case Studies. Contact: Dakota Pippins (dakota_pippins@ivstaff.org.)
Biblical Foundations of Multi-Ethnic Ministry--Great Lakes West. Contact: Craig Ward
(Craig_Ward@ivstaff.org).
Questions to Ask When Reaching Out to Black Students--IV Staff Fred Williams (located on
InterVarsity MX).
Race Matters Script--Sheila Nemati, Maya Bey, Sara Marshall, Evan Artis. Script used in "Race
Matters" dinner in CA as a creative ways to name racial and ethnic issues that arise in students'
relationships. (Located on InterVarsity MX).
STIM Training Exercises--The Student Training In Missions exercises can be very helpful in getting
at issues of race and diversity.
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REACHING BLACK STUDENTS IN A MULTI-ETHNIC CONTEXT
BCM NEXT STEPS SUMMARY
TARGET AREAS FOR DEVELOPMENT:
What are the 3 key obstacles you are seeking to address?
1) _____________________________________________________________
2) _____________________________________________________________
3) _____________________________________________________________
What two areas of chapter building are weaknesses you need to invest in?
1) __________________________
2) __________________________
NEXT STEPS TO TAKE:
What two areas of chapter building are strengths you can capitalize on?
1) __________________________
2) __________________________
Which strategic tips in particular will be helpful as you take your next steps?
1) _____________________________________________________________
2) _____________________________________________________________
3) _____________________________________________________________
Who are people resources that can help you take your next steps?
1) __________________________
2) __________________________
3) __________________________
4) __________________________
What might be important scriptural and material resources for taking these next steps?
1) _____________________________________________________________
2) _____________________________________________________________
3) _____________________________________________________________
4) _____________________________________________________________
5) _____________________________________________________________
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